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It's About Breast Cancer.
How Does Breast Cancer occur?
Doctors are still unclear on exactly what causes breast cancer. However, researchers have isolated two genes that are common in a number of cases where breast cancer runs in the
family. It is the alteration (or mutation) of these two genes that increases a person's risk of developing breast cancer. Most of the time, it appears that the mutation is inherited. For women, increased chances of developing breast cancer would be due a mutation of either gene. In men, it is predominantly a mutation of the BRCA2 gene (the other gene is called BRCA1). Having the gene does not mean you will develop breast cancer; it simply means you are more predisposed to it (see Resources below)
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Hormones can play a role in the chances of developing breast cancer, more so in women than men, since it really relates to estrogen. When a woman goes through menstruation, pregnancy or childbirth, her level of estrogen fluctuates up and down. This hormone is basically telling cells to divide. The more they divide, the more potential there is for this division to create an abnormality in the new cells. Some of these irregular cells could become cancerous. How this affects a woman's chances of developing breast cancer is relates to the length of time she is menstruating, the age she has her first child and the age she goes through menopause. The risk increases when someone is very young when she has her first period, older when she has first child and older when she goes through menopause.
This cause of breast cancer is highly debatable, but many researchers believe that lifestyle does play a role in the occurrence of breast cancer. According to the American College of Physicians, people (more so women than men) are more likely to develop breast cancer if they eat a diet high in fat. Actually, it has been suggested that lowering your calories from fat to below 30 percent for some and 20 percent for others will greatly reduce your chances of breast cancer. There has also been a suggestion that both obesity and alcohol abuse increase the occurrence of breast cancer.
What's Breast cancer?
Breast cancer is an uncontrolled growth of breast cells.
To better understand breast cancer, it helps to understand how any cancer can develop.
Cancer occurs as a result of mutations, or abnormal changes, in the genes responsible for regulating the growth of cells and keeping them healthy. The genes are in each cell’s nucleus, which acts as the “control room” of each cell. Normally, the cells in our bodies replace themselves through an orderly process of cell growth: healthy new cells take over as old ones die out. But over time, mutations can “turn on” certain genes and “turn off” others in a cell. That changed cell gains the ability to keep dividing without control or order, producing more cells just like it and forming a tumor.
A tumor can be benign (not dangerous to health) or malignant (has the potential to be dangerous). Benign tumors are not considered cancerous: their cells are close to normal in appearance, they grow slowly, and they do not invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body. Malignant tumors are cancerous. Left unchecked, malignant cells eventually can spread beyond the original tumor to other parts of the body.
The term “breast cancer” refers to a malignant tumor that has developed from cells in the breast. Usually breast cancer either begins in the cells of the lobules, which are the milk-producing glands, or the ducts, the passages that drain milk from the lobules to the nipple. Less commonly, breast cancer can begin in the stromal tissues, which include the fatty and fibrous connective tissues of the breast.
Over time, cancer cells can invade nearby healthy breast tissue and make their way into the underarm lymph nodes, small organs that filter out foreign substances in the body. If cancer cells get into the lymph nodes, they then have a pathway into other parts of the body. The breast cancer’s stage refers to how far the cancer cells have spread beyond the original tumor (see Stages of Breast Cancer table for more information).
Breast cancer is always caused by a genetic abnormality (a “mistake” in the genetic material). However, only 5-10% of cancers are due to an abnormality inherited from your mother or father. About 90% of breast cancers are due to genetic abnormalities that happen as a result of the aging process and the “wear and tear” of life in general.
While there are steps every person can take to help the body stay as healthy as possible (such as eating a balanced diet, not smoking, limiting alcohol, and exercising regularly), breast cancer is never anyone's fault. Feeling guilty, or telling yourself that breast cancer happened because of something you or anyone else did, is not productive.
